The habitat inventory of June 20, 1996 through June 24, 1996, was conducted by Diana Hines and Dave Wright. The total length of surveyed stream in Two Log Creek was 10,243 feet (1.9 miles, 3.04 KM) (Table 1). There were no side channels in this section of creek. Flow measured at the mouth of Two Log Creek on 6/18/96 was .119 cubic feet per second (cfs).

Two Log Creek consisted of two reaches: B3 for the first 9,182 feet and B4 for the remaining 1,061 feet.

Table 1 summarizes the Level II Riffle, Flatwater and Pool Habitat Types. By percent occurrence Riffles comprised 16%, Flatwater 25% and Pools 59% of the habitat types (Graph 1). By percent total length, Riffles comprised 7%, Flatwater 33% and Pools 60% (Graph 2).

Fourteen Level IV Habitat Types were identified and are summarized in Table 2. The most frequently occurring habitat types were Mid Channel Pools 28% and Low Gradient Riffles, Step Runs and Corner Pools all at 11% each (Graph 3). The most prevalent habitat types by percent total length were Mid Channel Pools at 27%, Step Runs 21% and Corner Pools 13% (Table 2).

Table 3 summarizes Main, Scour and Backwater pools which are Level III Pool Habitat Types. Main pools were most often encountered at 49% occurrence and comprised 46% of the total length of pools.

Table 4 is a summary of maximum pool depths by Level IV Pool Habitat Types. Pools with depths of two feet (.61 m) or greater are considered optimal for fish habitat. In Two Log Creek, 64 of the 161 pools (40%) had a depth of two feet or greater (Graph 4).

The depth of cobble embeddedness was estimated at pool tail-outs. Of the pool tail-outs measured, 0% had a value of 1, 1% had a value of 2, 5% had a value of 3 and 94% had a value of 4 (Graph 5).

Of the Level II Habitat Types, Pools had the highest mean shelter rating at 64 (Table 1). Of the Level III Pool Habitat Types, Main Pools had the highest mean shelter rating at 120 (Table 3).

Of the 161 pools, 9% were formed by Large Woody Debris: .6% by logs and 8.4% by root wads (calculated from Table 4).

Table 6 summarizes dominant substrate by Level IV Habitat Types. Of the Low Gradient Riffles fully measured, 67% had gravel as the dominant substrate (Graph 6).

Mean percent closed canopy was 90%: 48% coniferous trees and 42% deciduous trees. Mean percent open canopy was 10% (Graph 7, calculated from Table 7).

Table 7 summarizes the mean percent substrate/vegetation types found along the banks of the stream. Mean percent right bank vegetated was 63% while mean percent left bank vegetated was 64%. Coniferous trees were the dominant bank vegetation type in 60% of the units fully measured. The dominant substrate composing the structure of the stream banks was Sand/Silt/Clay, found in 88% of the units fully measured.

According to Flosi and Reynolds (1994), a stream with 50% of its total habitat comprised of primary pools is generally desirable. Primary pools are at least two feet deep in first and second order streams and at least three feet deep in third order streams. The information from Graph 4 on maximum depth in pools was used to determine percent of primary pools. Two Log Creek, a first order stream, is comprised mainly of shallow pools with only 40% of the pools having a maximum depth of two feet or greater.

The presence of Large Woody Debris (LWD) in streams is a significant component of fish habitat. Woody debris creates areas of low flow, providing a refuge for fish during periods of high flow (Robison and Beschta, 1990). Woody debris also provides cover for fish, lowering the risk of predation. The percent of pools in Two Log Creek formed by LWD was 9%. Whether these numbers are high or low, relative to the needs of salmonids is difficult to ascertain since the optimum amount of woody debris in streams has not been specified (Robison and Beschta 1990). It is interesting to note, however, that coho were found in stream reaches of the Ten Mile River Basin where approximately 50% of pools were formed by large woody debris. Those reaches that did not support coho had a significantly lower percentage of pools formed by large woody debris (Ambrose et al, 1996).

There are two important benefits of canopy cover in coastal streams. Canopy keeps stream temperatures cool as well as providing nutrients in the form of leaf litter and organic material (Bilby 1988). Mean percent canopy cover for the Two Log Creek was 90%. This is relatively high since a canopy cover of 80% or higher is considered optimum, Flosi and Reynolds (1994).

Since salmon generally create redds at the heads of riffles we were mainly concerned with the dominant substrate in these units. In Two Log Creek, 67% of the Low Gradient Riffles had gravel as the dominant substrate. The relatively high presence of gravel in riffles indicates that there is a sufficient amount of substrate available as potential spawning habitat in this creek.

The high embeddedness values found throughout Two Log Creek could hinder the survival of the eggs deposited in the redds. High silt levels reduce water circulation within the substrate, thus lowering the oxygen levels needed by salmonid eggs (Sandercock, 1991).

Substrate embedded with silt in varying degrees were given corresponding values as follows: 0-25%= value 1, 26 - 50% = value 2, 51 - 75% = value 3 and 76 - 100% = value 4. According to Flosi and Reynolds (1994), creeks with embeddedness values of two or higher are considered to have poor quality fish habitat. In the Two Log Creek, 100% of the pool tail-outs measured had embeddedness values of two or more.

It is important to consider, however, that the above embeddedness values were obtained in the summer during low flow conditions. In winter and spring, flows are usually higher due to the rainy season and the lowered evapotranspiration of the trees. This higher flow probably carries away much of the silt previously deposited. Since spawning usually occurs during the winter, the substrate may not be as embedded as in the summer.

Overall, Two Log Creek appears to have sufficient substrate for spawning as well as sufficient canopy. This creek also appears to have high embeddedness values and consist of a relatively low percentage of primary and LWD formed pools.

Georgia-Pacific will attempt to maintain a healthy environment for salmonids in this creek through sound management practices and restoration and enhancement projects.

Two Log Creek should be managed as an anadromous, natural production watershed.

Where feasible, design and engineer pool enhancement structures to increase the depths of pools. This must be done where banks are stable or in conjunction with stream bank armor to prevent erosion.

Increase percent of pools formed by large woody debris by recruiting more large woody debris into the creek.

Inventory and map sources of stream bank erosion and prioritize them according to present and potential sediment yield. Identified sites should then be treated to reduce the amount of fine sediment entering the watershed. In addition, sediment sources related to road systems need to be identified, mapped and treated according to their potential for sediment yield to the watershed.

Log debris accumulations retaining large quantities of fine sediment should be modified carefully, over time, to avoid excessive sediment loading in downstream reaches.

768 approximately 6 young of year (yoy) observed

1061 hobo temp pool (1061' from confluence). yoy observed

1232 yoy observed

1345 yoy observed

1940 yoy observed

2218 yoy observed

2657 4 yoy coho, 1 yoy steel head

2846 yoy observed

3465 tributary entering left bank at end of unit

3686 undercut bank along left bank approximately 4 ft long

4039 tributary entering right bank at 36'

4232 yoy observed

4818 4 yoy observed, 4 coho

5672 tributary entering right bank at 90'. channel type changes to B3

6138 yoy observed

6168 bank failure on left bank 15' x 30l contributing gravel and sand

6280 log jam along left bank 6'h x 12'w x 6'l lwd and swd

6451 approximately 10 yoy observed (at least 4 were coho). log jam over pool 10'h x 18'w x 12'l, mostly lwd

6471 bank failure on right bank 20'h x 25'l contributing fines

6583 log jam over beginning of riffle 8'h x 12'w x 10'l, includes large root wad and lwd

7280 tributary entering left bank at beginning of unit

8140 tributary entering right bank at 10' into unit

8432 yoy observed

8839 yoy observed

9098 3 inch sthd

9197 yoy observed

9616 tributary entering right bank at end of this unit

9711 bank failure along left bank 25'l x 15'h contributing fines

9901 yoy observed

9993 bridge crossing at end of pool

10522 root mass provides approximately 3' of undercut cover

10694 pool has approximately 3' of undercut bank along left bank

11065 bridge crossing over creek at end of this unit

11732 approximately 2' undercut bank along either side

11815 tributary entering left bank at 40'

11916 yoy observed

12004 2' of undercut bank along right bank. 3 inch salmonids observed

12049 2' of undercut bank along left bank

12088 2 yoy coho observed

12339 yoy observed

12534 3' undercut bank along left bank

12599 2' undercut bank along left bank

12767 3 inch salmonids observed

12990 yoy observed

13259 2 coho observed

13399 tributary entering left bank at end of unit

13485 yoy observed

13658 3 large redwood logs across creek

14301 tributary entering right bank at end of pool

14352 yoy observed

14695 channel type changes to B4

15218 log jam over creek 8'h x 2'w x 10'l swd and lwd

15571 log jam over creek 10'h x 20'l x 15'w. creek turns into a marsh after this unit. marsh is approximately 123'l x 30'w. yoy observed in marsh. we were unable to walk through marsh, we walked around and re-entered at other end.

15588 unit goes through marsh. after this unit marsh becomes overgrown with blackberry bushes and we have to walk .2 miles around before marsh ends and we are able to re-enter the creek.

15600 yoy observed

15809 log jam over creek 40'l x 12'w x 10'h

16009 End of survey. property line ends here. tributary enters from right bank through culvert. approximately 3'h drop to surface of water, could be a fish barrier. mainstem of creek continues but becomes gradually smaller. habitat diminishes about 200' further. water is barely flowing, creek is highly embedded.

DIH